涝害对早中稻生理特性及产量的影响

Effects of Complete Submergence on Some Physiological and Yield Characteristics of Early and Middle-Season Rice

为探明洪涝危害水稻生长发育的机理 ,对早稻 (湘早籼 19号 )、中稻 (泰香稻和 IR6 4)的不同生育时期进行了不同时间的没顶淹水处理 .结果表明 ,受淹稻株膜酯过氧化产物 MDA含量增加 ,脯氨酸含量明显升高 ,且以孕穗期表现最为显著 ;湘早籼 19号的 N,P含量略有上升 ,K含量下降 ;泰香稻和 IR6 4的乙醇脱氢酶活性先降后升 ,三磷酸腺苷酶活性先升后降 ,琥珀酸脱氢酶活性下降 ;IR6 4的葡萄糖 - 6 -磷酸脱氢酶活性升高 .淹水造成稻谷产量降低且随淹水时间延长而加剧 ,在孕穗期淹水 ,产量的下降是总粒数、千粒重下降、空秕率急剧上升综合作用的结果 ;在乳熟期淹水 。

One early season rice (X 19) and two middle season rice (CMAS and IR64) were treated with complete plant submergence at different stages for different durations.The results show that leaf cell membrane superoxygenic production of MDA are increased in treated plants. Proline content in the leaf of treated plants is obviously higher than that of the control,and it is the most susceptible at the booting stage. N content and P content increased slightly whereas K content decreases in treated plants of X 19. ADH activity in root of treated plants of CMAS and IR64 decreases at first and increases afterwards;SDH activity reduces;ATPase activity, however, raises at the beginning and then reduces. G 6P DH activity keeps increasing in the treated plants of IR64. The grain yield decreases and keeps decreasing with the elongation of submergence. The reduction of grain yield is a comprehensive result of decreasing total grain number, increasing empty grain ratio and reducing 10 3 grain weight for submergence at booting stage, while mainly increasing empty grain ratio and reducing 10 3 grain weight at milk stage.