含硫油品储罐自燃机理及事故原因分析

THE MECHANISM AND CAUSES OF THE ACCIDENTAL SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION OF PETROLEUM CONTAINING SULFUR IN A TANK

通过企业现场调研并结合若干事故案例的剖析分析了含 S油品储罐自燃事故的发生原因 ,总结了事故的主要影响因素。在建立含 S油品储罐自燃事故的事故树 (FTA)图的基础上 ,通过最小割集的计算与分析 ,探讨了事故的主要原因及发生条件 ,并提出了相应的预防控制措施。

The corrosion of petroleum containing sulfur in refining process and the accidental spontaneous combustion of petroleum containing sulfur in tanks are always problems in refining enterprises at home and abroad. The accidents of spontaneous combustion of petroleum containing sulfur in tanks happen very often. Analysis of the mechanisms of spontaneous combustion and finding the causes of accidents are important for preventing such accidents. The mechanisms and causes of spontaneous combustion of petroleum containing sulfur in a tank are analyzed through on-the-spot research and analysis of several typical accidents in the present study. The factors influencing the accidents, such as the type of petroleum, tank material, oxygen content in environment, contact chance of sulfide and atmosphere, refining technique, environmental temperature and environmental moisture are summarized. On this basis, the method of fault tree analysis is used and a FTA logic chart of such accidents is built (Fig.1). After the calculation of minimal cut set of the fault tree, the causes of the spontaneous combustion accidents, the main critical conditions are found. They are as follows: (1) Petroleum contains sulfur; (2) Inner wall of the oil tank is not corrosion resistant; (3) There are S 2- . Accordingly the technical prevention measures including refining techniques of oil, lean oil operation, design of oil tank and the routine management are put forward. It is expected that they will provide useful guidance for preventing similar spontaneous combustion accidents from happening.