建筑安全管理研究的现状与展望

REVIEW OF THE RESEARCHES OF CONSTRUCTION SAFETY MANAGEMENT

在世界大多数国家 ,建筑业是重要的国民经济生产行业。但是由于建筑业的特殊性 ,其安全和健康状况一直不能令人满意 ,并且严重制约了建筑业劳动生产率和产品质量的提高 ,影响了建筑业的声誉和可持续发展。本文对国内外建筑安全管理领域的最新研究成果进行了综述和总结 ,并在此基础上提出了今后需要重点研究和关注的课题。

Construction industry is of great significance to the economic growth in most countries. However, due to the distinct characteristics,its performance of safety and health has long been unacceptable, and constrains the continuous improvement of productivity and quality as well as the reputation and sustainable development of the industry. In China, researches on construction safety have long been behind the development of construction industry. Safety records of construction industry in China are far from being satisfactory. It is estimated that in China, over 3 000 workers are killed and billions of Chinese currency RMB are lost each year because of accidents in situ. As nearly 35 000 000 labors are employed in construction industry in China, the improvement of safety condition will save thousands of lives and billions of RMB each year. Therefore, research work on safety management is an urgent demand, especially in the aspect of management. In the present paper, advanced research works in construction safety management are reviewed in the aspects of culture, cost, and organization respectively.First,the safety culture of construction and the functions of all sides participating in the project of construction are dicussed.The attention is paid to the Total Safety Cufture.Second,the present state of the counting of cost and profit of constructron safety are reviewed.In order to calculate the cost and profit of construction safety,the indirect loss using different methods is discussed in detail.Thirdly,the progresses in management and organization of construction safety are summerized. Theories such as TSM(Total Safety Management) is discussed. Suggestions for further researches and investigation of construction safety are brought out as follows: (1) Make full use of the existing resources of construction industry to improve safety management based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of factors influencing safety performance in situ; (2) Thoroughly investigate into the true cost and benefit of construction safety in order to harmonize safety with quality, schedule and cost when conflicts between them occur; (3) Safety culture in different levels are essential to the goal of 'zero accident' in situ, researches into cultural effects on safety psychology and performance of workers will certainly help workers to work more safely; (4) Technological development, especially in the aspect of construction machinery, should be carefully designed and studied in order to eliminate the risks of accidents.