从仿生群落体到少废无废采矿的思考

THE NEW CONCEPTION OF MINING TECHNOLOGY WITH FEWER WASTES FROM BIO-MIMETIC BIOCOENOSIS CONSIDERATION

本文阐述了仿生物群落体的减废技术新构思。生物群落具有较好的内循环系统和理想的三废自净功能 ,千百年来生长于比较固定的土地上 ,它们不但没有造成环境恶化 ,而且对地球生态环境的改善作出了积极的贡献。仿生物群落体是把生产 -消费和三废治理有机结合起来 ,使出废最多的采矿工业能做到少废或无废采矿 ,使我国采矿工业能持续发展。

A new conception of mining technology with fewer wastes is developed in the present paper.It expatiates on how bio-mimetic biocoenosis could be used to decrease waste materials.It is described in detail that biocoenosis has better internal circulating system and perfect function of self-purification of three (solid,liquid and gaseous) wastes. They grow on the fixed land for a long time, but they never cause environment to deteriorate. Moreover they improve the environment on the earth to a great extent. From such consideration,the present paper proposes a new mining system based on the properties of the bio-mimetic biocoenosis.With such conception several self-purificating circulating mining methods are discussed.An embryonic form of such system is the one once used in a tungsten mine in the western Hunan Province in 1950′s, i.e.the filled cliff stopes method with floor pillars without studding (Fig.1).A self-purification potential mining method is illustrated (Fig.2).The self-purification closed circulating mining method is pointed to be used in the lead-zinc mine in Fankou,Guangdong Province and in the lead-zinc-silver mine in Nanjing.In summary,the present paper concludes that bio-mimetic biocoenosis combines organically the process from production to consumption with the disposal of three wastes. It makes the mining industry with most waste produce lesser wastes or no wastes in order to make the existing mining industry achieve the sustainable development.