铝电池的开发与应用进展

Advances in Development and Application of Aluminium Batteries

金属铝是一种很高的能量载体 ,是开发电池的理想电极材料·铝一直没有成功地应用于电化学能量储存和转换技术 ,是由于金属铝表面有一层保护膜 ,导致电极电位显著低于理论值且电压行为明显滞后 ,而在活化状态下铝的抗腐蚀性下降·这些问题限制了铝电池的早期开发应用·近年来通过开发各种新型的铝电极及相应电解质的添加剂 ,铝电池的研究取得了突破性的进展 ,开拓了铝的应用电化学的新领域·综合评述了近年来铝在电化学能源技术方面的研究和应用的新进展·内容按电解质体系分为水溶液电解质电池、铝 空气电池和熔盐及常温有机熔盐电解质电池等·

Aluminium has long attracted attention as a potential battery anode because of its high theoretical voltage and specific energy. The protective oxide layer at aluminium surface is however detrimental to its performance to achieve its reversible potential,and also causing the delayed activation of anode. The oxide layer can be removed by e.g.amalgamation but this will result in accelerated corrosion and poor shelf life. These difficulties have been successfully overcome by developing alloying elements and electrolyte additives in the recent years. The literature review also includes various aluminium batteres,especially aluminium air batteries,and a wide range of their applications from emergency power supplies,reserve batteries field portable batteries,to batteries for electric vehicles and underwater propulsion.