中国开放政策对区域发展的作用

Effects of China's Opening up Policy on the Nation's Regional Economic Development

在对中国对外开放政策作用进行了定性分析的基础上 ,利用计量经济模型方法 ,就近 2 0年来中国对外开放政策对中国东部沿海地区的经济发展作用效果进行了计算模拟分析。首次 ,从数量上 ,探讨了中国对外开放政策对区域经济发展的作用效果。 ( 1 )在对外开放中 ,通过提供各种优惠政策 ,吸引来了大量的建设资金 ,缓解了区域经济发展中资金不足的问题 ;( 2 )对外开放政策的实施加快了区域经济增长速度 ,促进了区域经济发展 ;( 3)对外开放政策促进了区域外向型经济的发展 ,使中国经济的外向度得到了很大提高 ,在较短的时间内成为世界贸易大国 ;( 4 )对外开放政策 ,改变了中国经济发展布局 ,加快了基础产业发展 ,较好地解决了以往长期制约国民经济发展的能源、原材料等基础工业发展滞后问题。通过模型计算 ,在对外开放的 2 0年中 ,中国东部沿海地区的 GDP增长总额为 9670 .42× 1 0 8元 ,其中对外开放政策的贡献作用达 2 0 68.0 7× 1 0 8元 ,即 2 0世纪 80年代初开始的对外开放政策对东部沿海地区 GDP的作用效果达 2 0 68.0 7× 1 0 8元 ,平均作用效率达 2 1 .39%。

China's opening up policy has been significant, and boosted both its economic development of the coastal areas and inland areas greatly. But what kind of contributions has the policy made to regional economy in China? To what extent has the policy contributed to the regional economic development in China? To answer these questions, a preliminary study has been carried out based on qualitative and quantitative methods. Firstly, in this paper, the effects of the policy on regional economic development in China are expounded comprehensively: (1) Among the opening up policy series the preferential policies have been one of the main attracting forces to foreign investments;(2) owing to the opening up to the outside world, the economic growth rates in all regions in China are much higher than ever before;(3) through opening up to the outside world, export oriented economy has been playing increasingly important roles in the economic development in China, and foreign trade has become one of the major driving forces to the country's economic growth; (4) since the 1980s the economic patterns and distributions in China have been changing greatly, the problems of energy shortages, transportation and communication infrastructures have been solved through using foreign investments, loans and technology. Secondly, through introducing policy function into C D production model, the contributions of the opening up policy to the Gross Domestic Products (GDP) growth of coastal areas (including eight provinces, one autonomous region and three municipalities directly under the central government, i.e., Guangdong, Hainan, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei, Liaoning, Guangxi, Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai) in China have been calculated. Over the past two decades, from the early 1980s to the end of the 1990s, the GDP of the coastal areas has increased from about 18 billion RMB yuan to 115 billion RMB yuan. During the period the total increment of the GDP amounted up to 97 billion RMB yuan, in which about 21 billion RMB yuan is contributed by the policy. The average contribution rate of the policy to the GDP of the coastal areas of China is about 21.39%.