长江下游港口体系的职能结构

The Functional Structure of the Lower Changjiang River Port System

根据 1 965～ 1 996年完整系统的港口货种分类统计资料 ,运用货种区位商、港口分工系数和 R型因子等分析技术 ,对长江下游港口体系职能结构的基本特征、动态变化及其优化进行探讨。结果表明 :1目前以 3个类型 4个亚类型为基本特征的职能分工体系已初步显现 ,但有些大型港口与中小型港口之间职能雷同及有些中小型港口专业货种偏多的现象较为突出。 2近30年来 ,各港之间的货种差异逐步缩小 ,职能趋同的现象确实存在。 3今后港口体系应逐步形成以上海港为中心 ,南京港为次中心的多组群、多功能、多层次、多类型的现代职能分工体系。

Based on cargo commodity data of 12 principal ports of the lower Changjiang River, this paper calculates cargo location quotient of the port system in 1996.It can initially be seen that the port system has appeared the functional division system, which is characterized by three types and four sub types. However, there is not obvious functional disparity between several large ports (i.e. B1 type ports) and medium size, small ports. Sometimes, several medium sized and small ports possess too many specialized commodities. A practical formula of the coefficient of labour division of port(CLDP) is designed for determining the direction and degree of dynamic change of the functional structure of the port system. By calculating the concerned statistics from 1965 to 1996,it can be seen that CLDP in 1965 is 3.91, which was very high, then there appeared a steady tendency to drop. In 1996, CLDP reached its minimum which is 2.18. The above calculating results show that there has been to some extent homogeneity of the functional structure of this port system for recent 31 years. The authors hold that the following factors have profound implication on dynamic change of the functional structure of the port system: universal economic development along the lower Changjiang River, functional change of center port, homogeneity of industrial structure of port cities, transformation of management system of port. Comprehensive strength indexes of ports in the lower Changjiang River are calculated with the aid of R type factor analysis in which 12 evaluating indicators are as the cases. It can clearly be seen that there are four hierarchies of the functional structure of the port system. According to the above analysis results, the authors hold that there are three points for optimization of the functional structure of the port system:(1)Shanghai shall become a shipping center which is characterized by general cargo container transport and ship service;(2)Nanjing shall become a sub center port which is characterized by energy resource, other bulk cargo transit center;(3)Others shall be regional and local ports which provide service for economic development at local and regional levels.