若干科观赏植物花粉形态电镜观察与比较

The SEM Investigation on Structure and Shape of Ornamental Plant's Pollen in Several Families

应用 SEM技术 ,对植物不同科 (包括豆科、蔷薇科、鸢尾科、木犀科 )的几种植物花粉进行结构和形态分析 ,根据花粉的形态、大小及外壁纹饰等超微结构 ,鉴证花粉的类型。采用的 3种豆科植物 (紫荆、紫藤、刺槐 )的花粉几近球形 ,大小幅度在 2 9～ 3 3μm× 1 8～ 2 3μm之间 ,均具 3孔沟 ,桔皮状或浅网状纹饰 ,网眼小 ,不规则圆形。蔷薇科的 3种植物 (红碧桃、火棘、野蔷薇 )的扫描结果表明其花粉形态非常相似 :均为橄榄形 ,3孔沟 ,外壁为指纹型条纹状 ,条纹间有穿孔 ,但三者的平均花粉粒大小差别较大 (在 3 8～ 61μm× 3 3～ 1 9μm之间 )。以紫丁香为代表的木犀科 ,特征很典型 :花粉三裂圆球形 ,大小为 3 4 (± 0 .5) μm× 2 3 (±0 .5)μm,孔沟的宽度向两极渐宽 ,网状纹饰 ,网脊厚 ,网眼大 ,不规则多角形。鸢尾科的两种植物黄花鸢尾和蝴蝶花均具 1孔沟 ,大小在 54～ 1 0 5μm× 4 5～ 65μm之间 ,但在花粉形态及外壁纹饰和结构上有明显差别 ,蝴蝶花症状独特 :具网状纹饰 ,网脊厚 ,网眼特大 ,网眼中有白色颗粒状突起。对该

The structures and shapes of variance ornamentals plant's pollens in several families (Leguminosae, Rosaceae, Iridaceae and Oleaceae) were investigated by using scaning electron microscope (SEM). The results were as follows:(1) The pollens of Leguminosae (Cercis chinensis Bunge,Wisteria sinensis (Sims) Sweet, Robinia pseudoacacia L.) were almost round and had three holes,and the scale were between 29～33μm×18～23μm,and their outside wall were orange surface;(2) Rosaceae including Prunus persica (L.) Batsch f.rubro plena Schneid, Pyracantha fortuneana (Maxim) L.,Rosa multiflora Thunb had similar pollen form such as elipse and three holes and long marrow stripe surface but showed different scales (between 38～61μm×33～19 μm); (3) Oleaceae including Syringa oblata Lindl. had representative characters such as round ball pollen 34(±0 5)μm×23(±0 5)μm with three splits and meshed lines surface,and large and thick mesh without regular polygon;(4) Iridaceae,including Iris pseudocorus L. and Iris japonica Thunb.both had one hole and their scales were about 54～105μm×45～65μm besides the significant difference of their pollen forms and wall surface lines,and Iris japonica Thunb. had particular characters such as mesh lines, overlarge mesh, thick mesh dorsal, white and roundish protrusion. Furthermore, evolutions on the four families were explored in this paper.