电动车用金属氢化物-镍电池

Nickel-metal hydride batteries for electric vehicle

介绍了世界上主要公司的电动车和混合电动车用金属氢化物 镍电池进展和性能水平以及装金属氢化物 镍电池的电动车。电动车用金属氢化物 镍电池的比能量为 5 4～ 70Wh/kg、38～ 170Wh/L ,比功率为 16 2～ 2 40W /kg、370～6 0 0W /L ,循环寿命为 6 0 0～ 2 0 0 0次 ,这些都已达到USABC的中期目标。混合电动车用金属氢化物 镍电池的比能量为44～ 6 8Wh/kg、10 0～ 16 0Wh/L ,比功率为 30 0～ 85 0W /kg、80 0～ 14 0 0W /L。功率与能量的比值为 6～ 14W /Wh ,循环寿命已超过 2 0 0 0 0次 ,这些与能源部的要求还有距离。各种装金属氢化物 镍电池的电动车和混合电动车约有 2 0辆。所以金属氢化物 镍电池可作为电动车和混合电动车的候选者。但是 ,限制金属氢化物 镍电池推广应用的缺点是价格太高和一致性差。随着电动车用锂离子蓄电池和燃料电池的发展 ,金属氢化物 镍电池在电动车中的地位将下降。

The proceeding and performance level of Ni-MH batteries for electric vehicle (EV) and hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) made by major companies in the world, and EV with Ni-MH batteries were introduced. The specific energy of Ni-MH batteries for EV is 54—70 Wh/kg and 138—170 Wh/L; the specific power is 162—240 W/kg and 370—600 W/L; the cycle life is 600—2 000 times, they have reached at the USABC mid-term target. The specific energy of Ni-MH batteries for HEV is 44—68 Wh/kg and 100—160 Wh/L; the specific power is 300—850 W/kg and 800—1 400 W/L. The ratio power to energy is 6—14 W/Wh; the cycle life is over 20 000 times, theyre still not reached DOEs requirement. There are about 20 EVs and HEVs with Ni-MH batteries. So the Ni-MH batteries may be candidates for EV and HEV. But the shortage, which limit the Ni-MH batteries to extend and find application, is that its too expensive and un-consistence. With the development of lithium-ion batteries and fuel cell for EV, the position of Ni-MH batteries for EV will fall down.