清末地方官制改革与辛亥革命

XinHai Revolution and the Reform of the Local Governor-generals in the Late Qing Dynasty

地方官制改革是清末政治体制改革的重要组成部分 ,改革使清朝地方官制发生了较大改观 ,成为向近代化转型的开始。但是 ,由于改革又是对中央与地方利益的调整 ,所以 ,其影响早已超出了单纯机构和职能调整的范畴 ,引发出新的问题。改革中对地方督抚现有权力的触动 ,形成了中央与地方的尖锐矛盾 ,改革对地方士绅的吸纳 ,助长了士绅的参政和地方意识。其结果是造成督抚与士绅在心理上对清政府的背离 ,它扩大了辛亥革命的基础 ,也有利于辛亥革命的发生和成果的稳定。但另一方面 ,地方官制改革时期所扩张的地方主义势力 ,也带到革命后的地方政权之中 ,从而给南京临时政府内部带来了不稳定因素 。

As an important component of the reform on the political structure in the late Qing Dynasty, the local bureaucratic system had changed greatly in this reform and started to transform to its modernization. However, as an adjustment of both the Center's and the Locality's benifits, the influence of the reform has gone beyond the scope of organ's structure and function and stimulated lots of mew problems. On one hand, the reform offended the present power of those local governor generals, which engendered acute contradiction between the Center and the Locality; on the other hand, in the reform, many traditional local intellectuals fostered their local consciousness and were encouraged to participate into the politics. As a result, both the governor generals and the local intellectuals deviated from the Qing Government, which extended the function of the XinHai Revolution and had great advantage over its breakout and outcome. However, the expanded localism during the course of the reform resulted in the expansion of the local regime and produced some unstable factors to the NanJing Temporary Government, which was an important reason to the loss of the XinHai Revollution's outcome.