贵州特有种子植物种质资源与利用评价研究

STUDY ON GERM PLASMA RESOURCES AND UTILIZATION EVALUATION FOR GUIZHOU ENDEMIC SPERMATOPHYTE

贵州植物区系起源古老 ,特有和孑遗种类较多。贵州特有种子植物约有 2 80余种 ,分属 6 6科、144属 ,占全省种子植物科属种的比例分别为 33.8%、10 .3%和 5 .3% ,而且分布 31个中国特有单型属和黔苣苔属(Tengia)、辐花苣苔属 (Thamnocharis)、假胡麻属 (Centrantheropsis)和歧柱蟹甲草属 (Dicercodados) 4个贵州特有属。这些贵州特有植物是贵州森林资源组成的不可替代成分 ,并都具有多种生物学和重大经济价值。本文从重要用材林和园林观赏树种中遴选出如梵净山冷杉 (Abiesfanjingshanensis)等 6 0余种 ,对其自然分布地域及生境、经济价值及利用评价、资源现状、种质资源的保护与利用、狭限分布机理等进行了广泛的调查和统计分析 ;选择 2 0种代表植物开展引种栽培与种苗扩繁试验取得了成功 ,其原产地与引入地海拔高度相近地区 (10 0 0m左右 )的物种植株迁地栽培成活率和采种播种出苗率的概率加权平均值均较高 (75 %～ 95 % ) ,并且这两条数学期望值的坐标曲线极为相似 ;供试植物的扩繁系数为 0 .6 1～ 1。还提出了贵州特有植物种质资源的可持续利用途径及模式探讨。

Guizhou is situated in the southwest China, the whole district is in subtropical and east-monsoonrange, annual average temperature is from 11℃ to 19℃. Guizhou has ancient flora and it's vegetation type is complex and diversity.There are 280 species (contain varieties)belonging to 66 families and 144 genera, which account for 33.8%, 10.3% and 5.3% of all spermatophyte respectively, and there are 31 endemic monotypic genera; and 4 Guizhou endemic genera, they are Tengia, Thamnocharia, Centratheropsis and Dicercoclados. Guizhou endemic species are the composition for forest resources in Guizhou, which are not kubstituted and these species all possess more biologic traits and inportant econornic value. We selected example Abies fanjingshanensis, Camellia luteoflora, Tutcheria kweichowensis etc., 60 kinds of Guizhou endemic plants, and investigated their original ecological environmental conditions, current situation index of germ plasma and conservation. Researched their narrow distribution principle, and utilization of germ plasma resource, and so on.The success of experimental research in introduction and cultivation,and mursery stock expanding propagation has been obtained. The sustainable utilization way and pattern for germplasma reaources of endemic plants in Guizhou have been proposed in this paper.