摘要
本文通过分析太白山不同植被带的蚁种组成及各蚁种在不同植被带的垂直分布 ,探讨了太白山蚂蚁种群分布与森林植被类型之间的关系 ;通过对不同小区间的相似性比较和区系组成比较 ,研究了太白山蚂蚁的垂直分布特点和高大的山体、多样的气候等对蚁科南北成分过渡渗透的影响作用。研究发现 ,太白山不同地带分布的蚂蚁种类与海拔高度、气候类型及植被类型密切相关 ,蚁种的多样性随海拔的升高、气温的降低和植被类型的减少而减少 ,且南坡的种类多于北坡 ;蚁种的组成在海拔相同的小区之间相似性较大 ,但随着海拔高度差异的加大和坡向不同 ,各小区间相似性显著降低 ;太白山是南北蚁科成分的交汇过渡地带 ,具有南北成分相互渗透和交错重叠的特点 ,以广布种成分最多 ,古北种次之 ,东洋种最少 ;太白山对古北种成分向南渗透的阻碍作用较小 ,对东洋种成分向北和向高海拔渗透的阻碍作用较大 ,故而东洋种成分在高海拔地带和北坡种类数量大为减少 ,而古北种成分则有较多种类在南坡得以分布留存。
This paper deals with the ants' vertical distribution of Mt.Taibai.This associations between the ants population distribution and forest cover were researched by analyzing ant species composition in different forest covers.The ant vertical distribution characteristics and the resistance of lofty mountain to ant spreading were studied by comparing the similarity and fauna composition of small-zones.The results were as follows:1) The ant species composition was closely related to elevation, small climate and forest cover,the ant bio-diversities decreased with the increasing of elevation and the decreasing of temperature and forest covers.2) The similarities of ant species composition in small-zones of the same elevation were greater than those in different elevations.However,as the difference of elevation increased,the similarities among small-zones decreased.3) The ant fauna of Mt.Taibai located at the transitive area between Palaearctic region and Oriental region.The number of widely distributed species in this area was more than that is Palaearctic region and Oriental region,while that in Palaearctic region was more than that in Oriental region.4) The resistance of lofty Mt.Taibai to the spreading of ant to the south was smaller,and the ant spreading of species to north and high elevation areas was greater,so the population of Oriental species decreased rapidly with the elevation increasing.But many Palaearctic species could still live in the areas of the south slope of Mt.Taibai.
出处
《林业科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2001年第3期83-91,共9页
Scientia Silvae Sinicae
