包头市稀土生产带来的放射性环境问题及防治措施

Environmental Radioactivity Problem Arising from Rare Earth Production and Proposed Prevention Measures

包头市白云鄂博矿含有的稀土资源居世界首位 ,白云矿还伴有钍 0 .0 4 %、铀 0 .0 0 1 % ,在开发利用稀土资源过程中放射性物质钍随工业“三废”进入环境 ,成为包头市突出的特异性环境问题。本文给出了 1 996～ 1 998年 3年调研结果 ,查清了产生放射性废渣的稀土酸法、碱法生产中放射性钍元素的投入、迁移转化系数及放射性废物产生量 ;含放射性钍的废水对四道沙河流域及黄河、地下水、饮用水源污染 ,稀土工业区局部大气、土壤环境受到放射性污染。从回收钍资源提出根治污染的治理措施和防治污染的管理措施。

Baiyunebo Mine in Baotou City has a workable reserve of rare earth resources ranking in the first in the world,associated with 0.04% thorium and 0.001% uranium.During the development and utilization of rare earth resources,radioactive thorium was released to the accessible environment along with industrial wastes,becoming an outstanding environmental issue of concern in Boatoa City.This paper aims to present the result of the investigation during the years 1996~1998,in which the migration,transport and amount are clarified of radioactive thorium produced in acidic and alkali process based production of rare earth elements.Wastewater bearing radioactivity imposed pollution to the local river, Yellow river, groundwater and drinking water sources and to the rare earth industry zone and the accessible environment. Pollution control and prevention measures are addressed from the ground of recycling rare earth resources.