摘要
根据近 30年来作者们发表的剂量监测、流行病学调查和临床 /实验室研究三个方面的成果 ,结合国内外有关报道对云锡矿工肺癌的病因进行总结分析 ,结果肯定了氡在云锡矿工肺癌病因中的贡献和氡 /砷复合致癌作用。现场调查和骨内 2 10 Pb体外测量结果说明 ,氡 /砷累积暴露量的密切相关和早年氡监测数据的欠缺是根据既往流行病学资料估算云锡氡致肺癌危险系数与砷校正系数的干扰因素。对井下砷暴露水平已经明显降低而氡暴露水平仍旧较高的云锡 60年代下井矿工进行长期随访有利于减少这种干扰 ,得到更可信的危险系数估算值。为了对氡 /砷在致癌病因中所占的份额进行估计 ,提出铀矿山对比、肺癌组织发生学研究和氡砷复合动物实验三个途径 ,结果认为云锡矿工肺癌病因是“氡砷复合 ,以氡为主”,粗略估计砷在肺癌病因中的贡献不会超过 1/ 3。本文指出国内外某些作者在砷复合作用校正中存在的问题 ,导致他们对云锡矿工氡致肺癌危险系数估计偏低 ,其结果不适于在我国氡致肺癌的危险控制与预测中使用。
Review and analysis on the etiology of lung cancer of miners in Yunnan Tin Corporation (YTC) were based on the reports of field monitoring, epidemiological investigation and clinical/laboratory studies published in the recent 30 years by the authors, then radon and radon/arsenic combination in the etiology of YTC lung cancer could be identified. Field investigation and skeletal 210 Pb levels measured by whole body counter showed that, estimation of risk coefficient for radon induced lung cancer and adjustment for arsenic exposure based on epidemiological studies were hampered by high correlation between cumulative exposure to radon and arsenic, and incomplete monitoring data of radon. Follow up of miners started working underground since 1960s has obtained more convinced results to estimate the risk coefficient, because dust exposure was reduced greatly than radon after 1960s. Comparison with uranium mine, pathohistogenetic study and animal experiments were made to estimate the combined effect of arsenic, which may be less than 1/3 in the etiology of lung cancer of YTC miners. This paper indicated the underestimate of risk coefficient of radon induced lung cancer for YTC miners reported by domestic and foreign authors, because of inappropriate arsenic adjustment. So that their results are unsuitable to be used in the risk control and risk projection for radon in China. The standard for diagnosis of radiogenic cancer including radon induced lung cancer has been completed as National Standard. (
出处
《辐射防护》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2001年第5期278-290,共13页
Radiation Protection
