主元素分析方法在地震勘探中的应用

Application of principal component analysis to seismic prospecting.

利用熟知的主元素理论 ,以K -L变换为数学基础 ,给出了本征结构分析的几何解释 ,研究了该数学方法在数据处理中的实际意义。在主元素空间通过对本征值进行分组 ,由重建过程将构造背景和异常区域以及信号噪音分离开来 ,从而为构造运动及古地理环境的分析提供依据。在算法实现上采用滑动窗口的模式 ,获得了应用K -L变换进行信号去噪的快速算法 ,同时可以将噪音作进一步分析研究 。

With the well known principal element theory and on the mathematical basis of K-L transformation, this paper studies in depth the practical significance of principal element theory to data processing and presents the geometric interpretation of eigenstructure analysis. The structural setting, abnormal regions, signals as well as noises can be separated through a reconstruction process by grouping eigenvalues into different classes in the principal element space. The obtained results can provide basis for analysis of tectonic movement and palaeogeographic environment. A fast algorithm for noise suppression with K-L transformation has been derived from the use of moving window during the implementation of method. At the same time, the study of noises can further be carried out to provide basis for evaluation of data quality.