稠油化学降粘技术研究进展

Advances in Chemical Viscosity-Reducing Methods and Techniques for Viscous Crude Oils

综述了稠油开采、集输和管道输送中使用的化学降粘剂 (主要是油溶性聚合物降粘剂 )及化学降粘技术。这是国内外研究、开发均很少的一个领域。全文除前言外包括以下四大论题。①油溶性降粘剂降粘技术 :原理 ,降粘剂结构特点及国内油田应用于稠油井采油的一个实例。②油溶性降粘剂 :发展简史 ,结构类型 (主要为共聚物降粘剂 )及国内外现场应用的 1 1种商品降粘剂 ( 1 0种用于长距离管输 ,1种用于稠油井生产 )。③在我国油田的应用问题 :集输 ,水乳化降粘 (使用水溶性乳化剂 ) ,作为辅助手段的油溶性降粘剂 ,稠油改质降粘。④研究中存在的问题与方向 :油溶性降粘剂的作用机理及合成中的新思路 ,适当结构的降粘剂与表面活性剂的复配 ,化学降粘的局限性。参考文献 63条。

The chemical viscosity reducers, mainly oil soluble polymeric, and chemical viscosity reducing methods and techniques for viscous and heavy crude oils used in oil production, gathering and pipeline transportation are reviewed. This is a less investigated and developed field. The article covers, besides of an introductory part, four topics. ① Viscosity reduction by using oil soluble viscosity reducing chemicals: principles, structural features of chemicals and one case of downhole use of such chemicals in China.②Oil soluble viscosity reducers: historical aspects, types(copolymers mainly) and 11 commercial chemicals used abroad and in China(10 in long distance pipeline transportalion and 1 for viscous crude oil recovery). ③ Applications at Chinese oil fields in oil gathering, for oil recovery through O/W emulsion formation with the help of water soluble emulsifiers, as an additional aids, and by upgrading the crude oils. ④ Problems in and orientation of researches: functioning mechanisms and new ideas of synthesis of novel oil soluble viscosity reducing agents for viscous and heavy crude oils; compounding with surfactants; the limits for chemical viscosity reduction.