蛇类冬眠时野外洞穴热工环境的分析

Analysis of Thermal Environment in the Field Caves for Snake Hibernation

对浙江省4种主要剧毒蛇冬眠时的洞穴进行野外观察,以非稳态导热方法进行分析,得知在杭州地区1月份的正常气温下,银环蛇洞深为1.0～1.5m,洞穴内温度为10.4～12.3℃;眼镜蛇洞深为1.0～3.0m,洞穴温度为10.4～16.9℃;五步蛇洞深为0.7m,洞穴温度为8.7℃;蝮蛇洞深为0.5～1.0m,洞穴温度为7.4～10.4℃。本文亦计算了杭州地区最冷天气下洞穴的温度,所得结果可供人工饲养蛇类安全过冬作参考。

This paper described the field observation of caves for four main poisonous snakes hibernation in Zhejiang. It is focused on analysis of unsteady state conduction to obtain the temperatures inside caves. In Hangzhou area in Janua- ry of normal air temperature when the cave deep is 1.0~1.5m for Bungarus multicintus multicinctus, the temperature inside cave is 10.4~12.3℃. When the cave deep is 1.0~3.0m for Naja naja atra, the temperature inside cave is 10.4~ 16.9℃. When the cave deep is 0.7m for Agkistrodon acutus, the temperature inside cave is 8.7℃. When the cave deep is 0.5~1.0 m for Agkistrodon blomhoffii brevicaudus, the temperature inside cave is 7.4~10.4℃. This paper also calcul ates the temperature inside this caves in the coldest weather in Hangzhou area. It is hoped that these results will serve as reference material for snake safety hibernation in artificial breeding.