《汉书》与《史记》相比较在编纂体例上的创新

The Innovations in Compilation Style of Han Shu Compared with Shi Ji

《汉书》与《史记》相比较在编纂体例上有一系列创新:它首创了纪传体断代史形式;顺应时代潮流,取消了“世家”体裁;在继承改造《史记》诸志的基础上,新创立了地理、艺文、刑法、五行四志等新志;班固以自己的世界观审核了《史记》的各种材料,利用时作了很多增补、移动、删节、订正工作。这些创新在内容上突破了史书只载政治事件和为人物立传的局限性,使读者得以概见一代政治、经济、文化、地理等方面的状况。这些创新都被以后的史学家所继承,因此,《汉书》在编纂体例上的杰出贡献是应该充分肯定的。这也说明古代史籍的编纂方法大致是在西汉时期奠定了基础的。

Compared with Shi Ji Han Shu made a series of innovations in the style of compilation: initiating the from of the dynastic history presented in a series of biographies, removing the style of aristocratic families going along with the trends of the times, newly originating some new annals such as geography, Yi Wen, treatise on penal law and the five elements, etc. on the basis of carrying on and reforming every annal of Shi Ji, examining various materials of Shi Ji in his own world outlook and when using them , he supplemented, shifted, abridged and revised many places. These innovations broke through the limitations on the content that historical records only recorded political events and glorified characters by writing their biographies, making readers be able to have a general look at the situations of politics, economy, culture and geography, etc. in a dynasty. Later historians carry on all these innovations, which also shows that the compilation methods of ancient historical records were roughly laid the foundation in the Western Han Dynasty. The remarkable contributions of Han Shu to the style of compilation should be fully affirmed.