非线性隔振器阻尼特性研究

The Characteristics of a Nonlinear Damper for Vibration Isolation

对一类迟滞非线性隔振器进行研究 ,提出了动力模型的建模方法 ,用此方法建立了钢丝绳隔振器的动态模型。由所建模型重构恢复力 -位移回线并与试验回线比较 ,结果表明 :理论回线与试验回线吻合好。用此模型研究这类隔振器的非线性阻尼特性 ,研究表明 :这类隔振器的阻尼随振幅和频率变化 ,阻尼成分丰富 ,既有粘性阻尼 ,又有干摩擦阻尼和“高阶”阻尼。该模型能很好地描述这类非线性隔振器的阻尼特性 ,这为设计多个宽频工作区来兼顾缓冲、隔振奠定了动力学基础。文中提出的建模方法适用于有非线性特性的隔振、减振器材的建模和刚度及阻尼特性的研究。

A kind vibration isolator with hysteresis behavior is studied and a method for modelling the isolator is presented. With the method, a dynamic model of a wire-rope vibration isolator is proposed, and a force vs displacement hysteresis loop is then reconstruct using the model and compared with experimental one. The results show that the theoretical loops and experimental one are close to each other in performance. With the help of the model, the nonlinear damping behavior of the isolator is investigated. It is demonstrated that the damping in the isolator varies with the displacement and exciting frequency applied to the isolator and the composition of the damping is parti-colored and there are not only viscous damping and friction one, but also higher order one. The model can reflect the damping characteristics of the nonlinear isolator quite well. The methodology and the model proposed are also applicable to the modelling of other types of vibration isolators with nonlinear hysteresis characteristics.