海南省新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗接种率及其影响因素调查报告

Investigation on Immunization Coverage Rate of Hepatitis B Vaccine in Newborns in Hainan Province and Its Influential Factors

为了解海南省新生儿乙型肝炎 (乙肝 )疫苗接种率及其影响因素 ,采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法 ,对 84 4名新生儿乙肝疫苗免疫状况及其影响因素进行了调查。结果显示 :儿童及时建卡、建证率分别为 99 9%和 95 9% ,乙肝疫苗全程免疫接种率为 71 6% ,第 1针及时接种率为 5 7 6%。不同地区接种率和及时接种率均存在非常显著的差异 ,最高分别为 86 7%和 71 7% ,最低分别为 4 6 4 %和 3 5 9% ( χ2 =2 8 6,P <0 0 0 5 ;χ2 =2 0 5 ,P <0 0 0 5 )。汉族地区接种率明显高于黎族 ,男性接种率高于女性。未接种乙肝疫苗的主要原因为收费过高 ,占 62 9% ;其次为不知道要接种 ,占 19 6%。说明影响海南省乙肝疫苗接种的主要因素为经济状况、民众文化水平及免疫意识。

In order to analyzed the immunization coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccine and its influential factors in newborns in Hainan Province,844 newborns were investigated by stratified multistage random sampling.The results showed that the rates of establishing immunization card and certificate separately were 99.9% and 95 9%.The complete immunization coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccine was 71 6%.The rate of first dose of timely vaccinating was 57 6%.There were marked differences in coverage rates and timely coverage rates among different areas,the highest were 86 7% and 71 7%,the lowest were 46 4% and 35 9% respectively(χ 2=28 6,P<0 005;χ 2=20 5,P<0 005).The coverage rate of Han nationality area was higher than that of minority nationality area,and that of the male was higher than the female.The main reason for missing immunization was expensive cost,the percentage was 62 9%,the second reason was that the caretakers did not know needing immunization,the percentage was 19 6%.So the factors influencing the immunization coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccine of newborns in Hainan Province were the economical conditions,the level of culture and the consciousness about immunity.