受损湿地植被的恢复与重建研究进展

AN OVERVIEW OF STUDIES ON THE RESTORATION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF DISTURBED WETLAND VEGETATION COMMUNITIES

自 2 0世纪 90年代以来 ,有关受损湿地植被恢复与重建的研究大量涌现。在大量文献调研的基础上 ,对湿地植被恢复的目的、优先原则、策略和途径、理论、技术、长期监测及评价作了回顾 ,对贫营养沼泽和富营养沼泽的恢复技术作了详细总结。湿地恢复的策略主要有修复和重建 ,指导理论主要有次生演替、自设计和入侵理论等。泥炭地植被受损后的恢复技术主要有播种法、泥炭藓片段散布法、营养体移植法、草皮移植法等。种子 (繁殖体 )库在植被恢复中的作用也不可忽视。恢复初期的抚育和管理必不可少。最后指出了湿地恢复研究中亟待解决的问题。

Research on the restoration and reconstruction of disturbed wetland vegetation has increased since the 1990s. From this now copious literature, we summarize the objectives, techniques for prioritization of sites, strategies, theories, methods, long-term monitoring, and evaluation of wetland restoration. The restoration techniques of bog and fen peatlands are particularly emphasized. Repairing and rebuilding were the two main strategies for wetland restoration, and the key theories of secondary succession, self-design and invasion guided the restoration practice. The main techniques for restoring disturbed peatland vegetation were the sowing of seed, spreading of Sphagnum fragments, transplanting of higher plants and blocks, etc. The seed (or propagule) bank also played an important role in vegetation restoration. Nurturing and management at the early stages of restoration were clearly necessary. Two problems in wetland restoration that need urgent attention are highlighted in the discussion.