鄱阳湖滩地水生植物多样性调查及滩地植被的遥感研究

AQUATIC PLANT DIVERSITY AND REMOTE SENSING OF THE BEACH VEGETATION IN LAKE POYANG

通过野外调查研究了鄱阳湖滩地水生植物物种多样性和群落多样性 ,并将遥感 (RS)技术与地理信息系统(GIS)技术和全球定位系统 (GPS)技术相结合 ,研究了鄱阳湖滩地植被的分布、面积和生物量 ,绘制了滩地植被生物量等级分布图。结果如下 :1)鄱阳湖滩地分布有水生植物 2 8科、5 6属、95种 3变种 ,其中灰化苔草 (Carex cin-erascens)、阿及苔草 (C.argi)、草 (Phalaris arundinacea)、荻 (Miscanthus sacchariflorus)、芦苇 (Phragmites com-munis)、单性苔草 (C.unisexualis)和针蔺 (Eleochari valleculosa) 7种植物为主要优势种 ;2 )鄱阳湖滩地植被可划分为 12个群丛类型 ,其中灰化苔草群丛 (C.cinerascens Ass.)和阿及苔草群丛 (C.argi Ass.)占优势 ,“荻 +芦 -灰化苔草群丛”(M.sacchariflorus +P.communis- C.cinerascens Ass.)次之 ;3)鄱阳湖滩地植被主要分布于该湖的南部和西部 ,2 0 0 0年 4月 16日其总面积为 10 18.74km2 ,占鄱阳湖总面积的 33.6 5 % ,其中单位面积生物量≥ 40 0 0 g· m- 2 的植被面积为 44 4.5 3 km2 ,分别占鄱阳湖总面积和滩地植被总面积的 14.6 8%与 43.6 3% ;4) 2 0 0 0年 4月 16日全湖滩地植被总生物量为 3.81× 10 6 t(鲜重 ) ,全湖滩地植被平均单位面积生物量为 3735 .

The disribution,area and biomas of Lake Poyang beach vegetation was studied through GIS interpretation of Landsat remote sensing data together with a spatially co-ordinated (via GPS) ground (beach)-truthed study of species and community diversity technique.A biomass distribution map was also produced.The main results are:1) there were 28 families,56 genera,95 species and 3 varieties of aquatic plants were found in the ground survey.Carex cinerascens,C.Argi,Phalaris arundinacea,Miiscanthus sacchariflorus,Phragmites communis,C.unisexualis and Eleochari valleculosa were the dominant species.2) Distributed mainly in the southern and western parts of the lake,the beach vegetation was divided into 12 associations.3) At the time of the survey (April 2000),the total area of vegetation was 1020 km 2,or 34% of the lake area.Areas with biomass≥4000 g·m -2 covered 445 km 2,making up 44% of the vegetated area.4) At the time of the survey,the total biomass of beach vegetation was 381×10 6 tons (fresh weight),with an average biomass of 3736 g·m -2 (fresh weight).5) A regression equation (y=-489711+87681x) was established between biomass per m 2 (y,in g·m -2) and the brightness value of Landsat-ETM+4(x).