新型Gemini阳离子表面活性剂的合成和性能(2)——从十二胺和环氧氯丙烷合成多烷基多季铵盐阳离子

Synthesis and Properties of Novel Germini Cationic Surfactants(Ⅱ)--Multiple Quaternary Ammonium Salts from Dodecylamine and Epichlorohydrin

介绍了从十二胺和环氧氯丙烷合成一系列在两个十二烷基二甲基季铵盐基团之间分别含有一个甲基亚胺基、十二烷基亚胺基、二甲基亚铵基以及十二烷基甲基亚铵基的多烷基多季铵盐的方法及其表面活性。所合成的多季铵盐皆具有良好的水溶性 ;与常用的十二烷基三甲基氯化铵相比 ,具有两个十二烷基链的季铵盐的cmc要低 2个数量级 ,而具有 3个十二烷基链的季铵盐的cmc则要低 4个数量级。不论分子中亲水性季铵盐基团的数目是多少 ,季铵盐类的cmc的对数 (logcmc)随分子中疏水基的总碳原子数的增加线性下降 ;对含有两个烷基链的季铵盐 ,分子中心引入另一个电荷对发泡性能仅有微小的影响 ,而具有 3个烷基链的三季铵盐比具有 3个烷基链的双季铵盐具有更强的发泡和稳泡性能。

The synthesis and surface-active properties are introduced of a series of quaternary ammonium salts having a methyl-or a dodecylimino group or a dimethyl-or a dodecylmethylimmonio group(trisquaternary ammonium salts)between two dodecyldimethylammonio groups from dodecylamine and epichlorohydrin.All of the prepared multiple quaternary ammonium salts showed good water solubility.The cmcs of the quaternary ammonium salts with two dodecyl chains are 2 order of magnitude lower,and those of the compounds with three dodecyl chains are 4 order of magnitude lower compared with the conventional dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride.Regardless of the number of hydrophilic ammoniogroups in the molecule,the logarithm of cmc of the quaternary salts linearly decreased with the increase of total carbon number in the hydrophobic groups.In the case of the quaternary ammonium salts with two alkyl chains,there was a small effect of the additional charge in the center of the molecule on the foaming properties.But the trisquaternary ammonium salts with three alkyl chains shows strong foaming ability and good foam stability compared with bisquaternary ammonium salt with three alkyl chains.