红发夫酵母的生物学特性

Biological characteristics of Phaffia rhodozyma

红发夫酵母以单细胞为主 ,有时能形成假菌丝。菌落因菌体产生虾青素等类胡萝卜素而呈红色 ,类胡萝卜素均匀地分布于细胞脂质中。红发夫酵母为专性好氧菌 ,细胞产生类胡萝卜素需要大量氧气。葡萄糖和蔗糖为最佳碳源 ,酵母膏是最佳氮源。红发夫酵母具克拉布特里效应(Crabtree)。红发夫酵母生长温度范围为 4～ 2 7℃ ,属于兼性嗜冷的低温型微生物。最适生长 pH为 6 .0 ,色素形成的最适 pH为 5 .

Phaffia rhodozyma was a single cell microorganism and sometimes it had pseudomycelium. Colonies were red because of carotenoid such as astaxanthin distributed in cell lipids. Phaffia rhodozyma were obligate aerobes and cells produced carotenoid under the condition of a high level of oxygen. Glucose and sucrose were the optimum carbon source and yeast extract was the optimum nitrogen source. Phaffia rhodozyma was a Crabtree positive yeast and a facultative psychrophile . The growth temperature range of Phaffia rhodozyma was 4～27℃.The best growth pH was about 6.0, and the best pH for producing carotenoid was about 5.0.