生物芯片技术的原理与应用

The Principle and Application of Bio-Chip Technology

生物芯片是指将大量生物讯息密码 (寡核苷酸、cDNA、基因组DNA、蛋白质等 )以预先设计的方式固定在玻片、硅片等固相载体上组成的密集分子阵列 ,可分为核酸芯片、蛋白芯片、芯片实验室三类。生物芯片技术的本质是生物信号的平行分析 ,它利用核酸分子杂交、蛋白分子亲和原理 ,通过荧光标记技术检测杂交或亲和与否 ,可迅速获得所需信息。高效、快速的生物芯片技术以其无与伦比的优势 ,已在医学、分子生物学等领域显现出巨大的应用价值 ,具有非常广阔的发展前景。

Bio-chip is a molecular micro-array,which is composed of some biological message codes (e.g.oligonucleotides,cDNA,genome DNA,protein,and so on) arranged on solid surfaces in light of a engineering design in advance.There are three kinds of Bio-Chips,i.e.,nucleic acid chip,protein chip,and chip “lab”.The essence of Bio-Chip technology is a parallel analysis for biology message.It is based on the principle of nucleic acid molecule hybridization or protein immunochemistry.The occurrence of hybridization/immunoreaction is detected by fluo-labelled technology.Then the needed message can quickly be obtained.Efficient and fast Bio-Chip technology has already exhibited enormous applied value in medical science and molecule biology field because of incomparable superority.Moreover,it possesses very wide development prospect.