微生物合成中链聚羟基烷酸酯研究进展

Progress on the Biosynthesis of Medium-chain-length Polyhydroxyalkanoates by Microorganisms

某些微生物细胞在特定营养限制的条件下会产生聚羟基烷酸酯作为碳源储备。和短链聚羟基烷酸酯(PHB)一样 ,中链聚羟基烷酸酯由于具有更优良的性能、更高的附加值和更广泛的用途而受到人们的关注 ;此外 ,中链聚羟基烷酸酯还可以被人工合成为具有功能性侧链的半合成高聚物 ,并因此能够具有更好的弹性和更理想的结晶性能等优点 ,从而成为近年来对环境友好的生物可降解材料的研究重点。在能够合成中链聚羟基烷酸酯的微生物中 ,食油假单胞菌是最典型 ,也是研究得最多的一种。本文对由食油假单胞菌合成中链聚羟基烷酸酯的特点、代谢机制、发挥过程等内容进行了综述 。

Polyhydroxylkanoates(PHAs) are a class of polyesters produced as reserve materials by a large number of microorganisms under metabolic stress. The most fascinating feature of PHAs is its degradability, and which is supposed to take place of the traditional plastics made from petroleum in the future. PHAs are divided into two classes: short\|chain\|length PHAs(scl\|PHAs) and medium\|chain\|length PHAs. mcl\|PHAs is more welcome owing to its more wide crystallinity and higher extension to break than scl\|PHAs, especially when some kind of new functional groups were incoporated into the side chain of the polyester. Since \%Psedumonas oleovorans\ is the most typical microorganism to produce mcl\|PHAs, here the author summarized how \P.oleovorans\ synthesize the mcl\|PHAs and the production of mcl\|PHAs by fermentation and give some of the idea about the future research of this field.