试析马赫的科学统一理想

Analyze Ernst Mach's Ideal of Unity of Science

马赫是一位科学家 ,这是众所周知的。然而更为重要的 ,也并不为多数人所知的 ,马赫还是一位科学哲学家。作为科学哲学家 ,他的最大愿望是实现科学统一的理想 ,他也因此成为 2 0世纪 30年代维也纳逻辑实证主义学派的先驱。但马赫所致力的科学统一工作是从两方面着手的。其一是科学在认识论—方法论上的统一 ,逻辑实证主义正是沿此方向而深入下去的 ,并最终遇到巨大的困难。另外 ,也是被人所忽视的一面 ,是从本体论方向致力于科学统一 ,即科学统一的非正统方向。

Ernst Mach was not only known as a scientist but also a scicentific pholosopher.As a scientific philosopher,his great wish was to realize the ideal of unity of science.So he became the pioneer of Vienna circle.Ernst Mach's work in unity of science was in two aspects.One was epistemology which Vienna school insisted on;The other was ontology which begins to study the unity of science in knowledge economic age.