妊娠期糖尿病的诊治进展

Current Opinions in the Diagnosis and Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

妊娠合并糖尿病是孕 期最常见的并发症之一,发生率可高达5％-20％。除孕前已诊断糖尿病(包括胰岛素依赖型和非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病)的病人之外,一大部分在妊娠期首次发生或首次诊断的对碳水化台物的耐受性减低,临床上称为“妊娠期糖尿病”(gestationaldiabetes mellitus,GDM),约占妊娠妇女的2％-8％。未能得到及时诊断和妥善处理的GDM可引起巨大儿、胎儿畸形等,并使失兆子痫、难产的发生率及母婴围生死亡率增加,是常见的产科高危因素之一,并常提示孕妇在以后可能发生糖尿病。

Diabetes mellitus complicates som- ewhere between 5% and 20% of all pregnancies worldwide. Besides type 1 (insulin-dependent) and type 2 (non- insulin-dependent)diabetes mellitus, pregnant women with carbohydrate intolerance of vanable severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy are diagnosed as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Occurring in 2% to 8% of pregnancies, it is a common complication of pregnancy. Uncontrolled GDM is associated with increased infant morbidity and mortality, macrosomia, malformation. It's also a strong marker for future maternal glucose metabolic disturbance.