不同性质幼儿园儿童发中微量元素含量的调查

INVESTIGATION ON HAIR MICROELEMENTS IN CHILDREN FROM DIFFERENT KINDERGARTENS

①目的 了解学龄前儿童发锌、发铜、发铅含量及其影响因素。②方法 对 96 5名学龄前儿童 ,采用电感耦合高频等离子体发射光谱法 ,检测发中微量元素含量。③结果 学龄前儿童缺锌者占 40 .2 % ,缺铜者占2 6 .5 % ,铅超标者占 37.1% .公立幼儿园儿童缺锌、缺铜者所占比例明显低于私立幼儿园 ,差异有极显著意义 (χ2 =8.0 3,7.37,P <0 .0 1)。卫生保健优秀幼儿园的儿童缺锌、缺铜者所占比例明显低于卫生保健非优秀幼儿园儿童 ,差异均有显著性 (χ2 =16 .38,3.98,P <0 .0 1,0 .0 5 )。位于道路旁或公共汽车站旁的幼儿园儿童发铅含量明显高于位于生活区或村落内幼儿园 ,差异有极显著性 (χ2 =6 .70 ,P <0 .0 1)。④结论 学龄前儿童中发锌和发铜的缺乏较为普遍 ,应加强托幼机构的卫生保健管理。

Objective To understand the changes of hair microelements ,zinc, copper and lead, in preschool children. Methods The hair microelements were determined in 965 preschool children by means of ICP. Results The morbidity of lack of zinc, copper and excess lead in preschool children was 40.2%,26.5% and 37.1%,respectively. The morbidity of lack of zinc and copper in children of public kindergartens was significantly lower than that of private kindergartens (χ2=8.03,7.37,P<0.01). The morbidity of lack of zinc and copper in children of the kindergartens with excellent health care was significantly lower than that of the kindergartens without excellent care (χ2=16.38,3.98,P<0.01,0.05).The amount of hair lead in children of the kindergartens near a road or bus stop was much higher than that of the kindergartens located in residential quarter or villages (χ2=6.70,P<0.01). Conclusion The lack of hair zinc and copper in preschool children was very common. The health care management should be strengthened in nursery and kindergarten. To strengthen environmental protection is an effective measure for the prevention of lead toxicosis.