中国金矿床成矿构造背景探讨

AN APPROACH TO THE METALLOTECTONIC SETTING OF GOLD DEPOSITS IN CHINA

本文试图采用板块构造观点来探讨金矿床成矿构造背景。板块的消减带及消减带一侧的大陆边缘活动带和岛弧活动带是有利于金矿化的位置。显生宙以来,中国地块周边发生了3次大规模的板块运动,并伴随有3次大的金矿化。据此将中国划分为海西、特提斯—喜马拉雅、燕山3大构造成矿域。由于受板块构造的控制,导致中国金矿时、空分布规律和成因上的一些重要特征。时间上,前寒武纪金矿不是特别重要,显生宙的金矿占了主导地位;空间上,金矿床常分布在古消减带及其附近的古大陆边缘活动带;成因上,许多矿床具有多期矿化复成因的特征。

This paper tries to duscuss the metallotectonic setting of gol deposits in Cina in he light of plate ectonics. As deformation, magmatic activity and metamorphism were extremely trong in the subduction zone, they rovided not only plenty of material sources for gold ineralization but also heat energy, hot fluids and structural pace for mobilization, migration nd enrichment of gold. Most of gold deposits formed in Phanerozoic are located in ubduction ones, active continental margins and island arcs, especially for gold deposits in Meso-enozoic ircum-acific metallogenic belt.According to the viewpoint of plate tectonics, Chinese landmass s a complex terranes-osaicked mass centered on Tarim-Sino-Korean block with the terranes utured by orogenic belts of different ages. uring Phanerozoic, three great plate movements ook lace along the margin of Chinese landmass, accompanied by he same times of large-scale gold ineralization. The collision between Tarim-Sino-Korean massif and Siberian assif resulted in ercynian movement, that between Indian plate and Chinese landmass led to Tethys-Himalayan vement, and the subduction of Pacific plate beneath Asian continent gave rise to Yanshanian ovement. The gold ineralization in China was dominantly controlled by these plate movements. herefore, the gold deposits in China ould be assigned to three metallogenic domains: the ercynian metallogenic domain includes the northern margin of arim-Sino-Korean massif and the rea north of it, the Tethys-Himalayan metallogemc domain comprises Southwest hina and part of orthwest China, and the Yanshanian metallogenic domain covers the region east of Dahinganling-ihangshan-western Hena western Hubei-Xuefengshan of western Hunan.