隧道施工工人矽肺浅析及预防对策初探

Preliminary analysis of silicosis in tunnel constructors and its preventive measures

通过对全局542例[其中新奥法(新的奥地利隧道施工法NATM)174例,传统法368例]矽肺流行病学调查,首次分析比较了NATM法和传统施工对隧道工人健康的危害程度。NATM法与传统法比较,检出率低1.22％(P<0.001),矽肺病人平均接尘工龄长2.84年,平均发病年龄大2.0岁,合并结核低4.47％,Ⅰ→Ⅱ期晋期率观察5年和10年分别低10.34％和28.95％,病死率低17.6％,死亡年龄大7.32岁。结果表阴,NATM法对隧道工人的健康危害明显小于传统法。但是,NATM法施工巾粉尘平均浓度仍超过国家标准6.29倍,无轨运输柴油机车废气污染十分严重,粉尘与机车废气联合作用于人体,是否会促发矽肺有待进一步研究,通风防尘防毒,预防矽肺仍然是一项十分艰巨的任务。

Effects of NATM and traditional working method on tunnel constructors' health is stud(?)ed for the first time through epidemiology survey of 542 cases(including 174 cases of NATM and 368 cases of traditional method) silicosis. NATM is compared with traditional method that positive rate of the forme, is 1.22% lower(P<0.01), average seniority of exposed dust is 2.84 years older, mean age of incidence is 2.06 years older, complicated rate with tuberculosis is 4.47% lower, advanced rate from firs to second stage in 5 and 10 years is 10.34% and 28.95% lower respectively, disease mortality is 17.6% lower and dealth age is 7.32 years older,than those of the latter.The results prove that extent of health harm in tunnel constructors by NATM is obviously less than traditional one.