冬小麦高产高效低耗优化栽培的研究

STUDY ON THE OPTIMUM CULTIVATION MEASUREMENTS FOR HIGH OUTPUT AND BENEFIT IN WINTER WHEAT

采用通用旋转组合设计试验研究了基施纯氮、播种期、基本苗、P_2O_5、追施纯氮与冬小麦亩产量、经济效益及成本的关系。结果表明,该五因素与其密切相关,而且施磷肥、适期早播和降低播量是小麦优化栽培的关键,增施磷肥更益于氮肥肥效的发挥。实现高产(≥550kg/亩)、高效(≥210元/亩)、低耗(≤70元/亩)优化栽培的农艺措施是:亩基施纯氮9.85～10.79kg,P_2O_511.89～13.20kg,播种期冬前积温690～720℃,基本苗6.2～7.8万,小麦起身期亩追纯氮5.66～6.70kg。

The study on the interrelationships among the 5 factors of cultivating measurements (base N-fertilizer,seeding date,seedling density.P-fertilizer and supple- mentary N-fertilizer) and output in winter wheat by applying the design of gereral rotational combination showed that seeding moderately earlier,applying more P-fertilizer and lowering seedling density appropriately were the key measurements in the So-called optimum cultivation of winter wheat.It also showed that more P-fertilizer applied made N-fertilizer more effective.The results showed that the optimum cultivation measurements of winter wheat for high output (≥550kg.mu^(-1)),high economic benefit (≥210yuan.mu^(-1)) and low consumption (≤70yuan.mu^(-1))were seeding date from when the effective accumu- lated temperature could be 690 to 720℃ in the life period and seedling density (62 to 78 thousand.mu^(-1));the application of base N-fertilizer 9.85 to 10.79 kg .mu^(-1).suppolementary N-fertilizer 5.66 to 6.70 kg.mu^(-1)in the stage of beginning to grow in coming year and P-fertilizer 11.89 to 13.20 kg.mu^(-1).