中国常见牡蛎外套腔的形态比较

A COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF MANTLE CAVITY IN SOME CHINESE OYSTERS

本实验于1986年春(4—8月)进行。所用的材料来自自然海区或养殖场。去掉贝壳后在闭壳肌前面作一横断面,用绘图仪绘制出解剖图。 根据侧水腔的有无以及鳃与内脏团的关系,可以把我国常见的牡蛎分为两种类型、四个组。 第一种类型:具有侧水腔,包括三个组。 第一组:左、右鳃上腔都与侧水腔直接相通。“白肉”近江牡蛎(Crassostrea rivularis)属于此组。 第二组:右侧鳃上腔与侧水腔直接相通。包括“红肉”近江牡蛎(C. rivularis)、长牡蛎(C. gigas)和大连湾牡蛎(C. talienwhanensis)。 第三组:左、右鳃上腔各分两个小腔,仅最右侧的一个小腔与侧水腔直接相通。舌骨牡蛎(Hyotissa hyotis)属于此组。 第二种类型:不具侧水腔,仅有一组。 第四组:包括密鳞牡蛎(Ostrea denselamellosa)。 根据这些特征,“红肉”和“白肉”近江牡蛎应属于两个不同的种。

This experiment was carried out in 1986, from April to August. The specimens were either from farming station or from natural beaches, Crassostrea talienwhanensis was collected at Laohutan of Dalian, Crassostrea gigas was from Qingdao Xuejiadao Farming Station, the 'red flesh' and 'white flesh' Crassostrea rivularis were gathered at Shekou of Shenzhen, Hyo-tissa hyotis was from Xincun of Hainan province, Ostrea denselamellosa was dredged from Jiao-zhou Bay. The soft part was cut transverserly before the adductor muscle, and pictured with the drawing equipment.According to the presence or absence of promyal chamber and the connections between the body and gills, the common Chinese oysters can be divided into two types and subdivided into four groups.Type 1: With promyal chamber, including three groups:Group 1: The left and right epibranchial chambers connecting with promyal chamber directly, 'white flesh' C. rivularis.Group 2: The right epibranchial chamber connecting with promyal chamber directly, 'red flesh' C. rivularis, C. gigas, C. talienwhanensis.Group 3: Only the outermost of two right epibranchial chambers connecting with promyal chamber, H. hyotis.Type 2: Without promyal chamber, including one group:Group 4: O. denselamellosa.Basing on these characteristics, the 'red flesh' and 'white flesh' Crassostrea rivularis should belong to two distinct species.