关于公共部门的界定与公共管理学的研究范围——兼谈公共管理学与行政管理学的关系

Definition of Public Sectors & Scope of Public Administration Science--About the Relationship between the Public Administration Science and the Government Administration Science

人类社会是一个整体 ,这个整体又是由各个部分组成的。整个社会部门可以被区分为三大部门 :第一部门为政府组织 ,这是纯粹的公共部门 ;第二部门为工商企业 ,这是非公共部门 ;第三部门是介于政府组织与工商企业的一些部门 ,其情形非常复杂 ,一般统称为第三部门。不同类型的部门具有不同的特点。从第三部门的基本特征看 ,它与第一部门具有更多的共同点 ,因此可以把第三部门看成是“准”公共部门。从广义上讲 ,公共部门应包括“纯粹的”公共部门和“准”公共部门两个部分。公共管理学不仅要研究政府组织及其管理问题 ,而且要研究第三部门的管理问题。从目前我国行政管理学研究的现状来看 ,行政管理学的研究范围仅仅是政府组织自身的管理及政府组织对社会公共事务的管理。因此 ,公共管理学与我国目前的行政管理学既存在着紧密联系 ,又有所区别。

Human society is a whole which is made up of all its par ts. All the sectors of society can be divided into three types: the first sector is government organization which is pure public department; the second sector i s the enterprise of industry and commerce which is non-public department; the c ondition of the third sector is complex and it includes all the departments betw een the two types. Different sector has different character, but the third sector has more common character with the first one examining from the basic character of the third se ctor and then, we can consider the third sector as the quasi-public sector. Bro adly speaking, public sector should include quasi-public sector and pure one. The public administration science should research not only on the administrat ion of government organization, but also the management of the third sector. Con sidering the current researches on government administration of our country, the scope of its research is only limited in the administration of government and t he run of social public affairs. The public administration science and the g overnment administration science not only have close connection, but also have d ifference.