生活在城市的边缘──流动农民的生存状态

Living in the Marginal of the City

随着改革开放的进程，大量农民涌向大中城市，成为既不是务农人口，又不是城市人口的“流动农民”。以“流动农民”的人口结构、从事行业、居住时间等基本情况为出发点，分析其居住、收入、子女教育、婚姻及家庭生活、医疗卫生、闲暇活动、与当地人群及正式社会组织的关系，可以得出其生活在城市边缘的结论。处于边缘状态的原因一是制度因素，二是文化及心理因素。“流动农民”长期处于边缘地位，一方面使城市面临“过度城市化”的威胁，另一方面又将延续城市化进程，应采取措施淡化“流动农民”的边缘状态和边缘地位。 ［

In the course of reforms, lots of peasants swarm into the city and become the mobile peasants. By analysing their structure, work and living period, we can come to the conclusion that they are living in the marginal of the city. The causes for this include institutional factors and cultural psychological factors. To such a state of the peasants, measures must be taken to weaken their psychological idea of mobile peasants.