闽南的海外移民与海洋文化

The Overseas Immigrants of South Fujian and Maritime Culture

闽南人的形成，经历了农耕族群和海洋族群接触和融合的过程；明清以后，随着闽南人大批移居海外，在闽南侨乡形成了一些海洋性习俗，使得闽南文化具有农耕文化的性格，也兼具海洋文化的特征。其海洋文化的特征主要表现在：信仰海神妈祖、民间的送船科仪、国内亲人将客死海外之移民的灵魂引渡回来的引水魂仪式；特殊的婚姻形式、双边家庭以及抱养子从事海上贸易和在海外发展；闽南话的外来语借词和歌谣等方面。厘清闽南的海外移民与海洋文化的关系以及闽南海洋文化的表现和特征；为研究闽南文化所不可缺少。

In the past, the coastal region of southern Fujian was the mar- ginal of feudal central power jurisdiction and maritime society,economy and cul- ture were developed substantially and vigorously. In southern Fujian,some mar- itime customs were gradually formed because of tbe great numbers of immi- grants. The main features of maritime culture are manifested in the belief of Mazu(God of Sea),the rites of seeing boats off, the spiritualism of the souls of those who died abroad, specail wedding customs,etc. The research about the re- lationship between the immigrants and maritime culture as well as the features and manifestation of the maritime culture is of necessity.