论孔子的君子观

On the Confucius's Outlook of Gentleman

孔子前，“君子”含义不固定，不确指，与德行好关联不紧，不具道德评判色彩。“君子”既指天子诸侯，也可指丈夫男性情人，德行可好可坏。孔子第一次全面地以具体的道德规范──仁、义等十余种内在品质与恭、庄等八种外在仪表两层面充实了“君子”的内涵。“君子”由偏指地位尊贵转向德行高尚。基于此，孔子评判历史、当代人物，教育、培养学生做“君子”，最终行君子之政于国。分析先秦诸子言说，“君子”是孔子为儒家树起的一面旗帜，承载了重构社会新秩序的职能。

Before Confucius, the connotation of gentleman was uncertain and without subtle value of critical morality. Confucius first dealt with its full meaning with such concepts as benevolence, justice, politeness and respect with emphasis on the noble morals. Since then, Confucius practiced the princi- ples of gentleman and raised this banner for the school of Confucianism to per- form the duty of reconstructing the new order of society.