测量与信息技术

Measurement and Information Technology

测量是获取信息的重要手段。科学研究、生产、高科技发展都离不开测量。测量技术发展的重要特点是它与信息技术的融合 ,这是提高测量精度、在线和动态测量、复杂参数和复杂环境下测量、智能测量的需要。这一融合贯穿始终 ,它包括信号调制与解调、采样与重构、信号融合、数据压缩、滤波、信号变换、时间序列分析、谱分析、数据拟合与建模、模式识别、神经网络、仿真与虚拟、误差分离、误差补偿、冗余技术、决策与智能技术等 ,它们互相支持。文章通过三坐标测量机误差补偿、圆度和轴系误差测量 ,以及大型工程的柔性坐标测量系统 ,介绍其在提高测量精度、优化、自标定、丢失信息自恢复、系统重组等方面的作用及其关键技术。

Measurement is an important means for obtaining information in research and production.Both the quality of products and the productivity of production highly depend on measurement.An important trend in the development of measurement is its merging with information technology.The requirements in high accuracy of measurement,on line and dynamic measurements,measurements of complicated parameters and under complex conditions and intelligent measurements ask for the merging of measurements with information technology.This merging is carried out through the whole process.Modulation and demodulation,data sampling and reconstruction,signal merging,data compression,filtering,signal transformation,time series analysis,spectrum analysis,data fitting and modeling,pattern recognition,neural network,simulation and virtual measurement,error separation,error compensation,redundancy technique,decision making,intelligent techniques,etc., are widely used in measurements.Some practical examples of this merging are given in the paper.The accuracy of coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) can be greatly enhanced by using error compensation technique.Modeling,error calibration and compensation software are three key techniques in error compensation of CMMs.Applications of redundancy technique in roundness and spindle error motion measurement,in large scale metrology are presented as well.Redundancy technique provides a powerful means in optimization of measurements,system self calibration,error compensation,recovering the lost information and many other applications. [