设计创新对东方明珠和雅加达塔的贡献

Contribution of Design Innovation to Oriental Pearl Tower & Menara Jakarta

东方明珠，塔高４６３．８５ｍ，高居亚洲之最，世界第三，被公认为是上海最重要的城市标志。雅加达 塔，高 ５５８ ｍ，建筑面积 ３２万 ｍ~２，均堪称世界之最。东方明珠的成功，雅加达塔的中标，在很大程度上要归功 于设计创新。东方明珠设计者用一串明珠来标志上海，用带斜撑的巨型空间框架作为主体结构，打破了混凝土 电视塔常用的单筒体结构模式，从而获得了很好的标志性。这种结构同时很有利于抗风抗震。该塔还采用了许 多高新技术，如预应力混凝土壳、双重悬挂钢结构和攀升天线等设计，它们巧妙而合理地解决了复杂的结构构 造和高难度施工的问题。设计者在雅加达塔上，继承和发扬东方明珠的长处，克服它的不足，并赋予许多新的 创造。为了使新的创造建立在坚实科学基础上，设计者为东方明珠塔进行了大量的试验研究工作。

The project Oriental Pearl Tower, 463. 85 m in height, ranked the first in Asia and the third in the world, has attracted millions' visitors and been publicly recognized as the most important landmark of Shanghai. The project Menara Jakarta, 558 m in height with total floor area of 320 000 m^2 is going to be the number one in the world. The pile work of Menara Jakarta has already been completed soon after construction commencement in January 1998. However, the project has to be interrupted due to the intenational financial crisis. The success in both Shanghai Oriental Pearl Tower construction and the design competition of Menara Jakarta should be greatly attributed to the design innovation not only in architecture, but also in structure and other disciplines through the whole project from design concept to details. In the project of Shanghai Tower, designers used a string of pearls to symbolize Shanghai, hanging on a mega space frame with a sets of diagonal struts, which breaks out the traditional system of single tube to be commonly used for concrete TV tower. Therefore, a unique architecture was formed for the city landmark. Such kind of structure is also beneficial for wind and seismic resistance. Furthermore, a series of advanced technologies were employed in the tower, such as to use a prestressed concrete shell to support the 50m sphere, to use bi-hanging steel structure for the45m sphere and to design the antenna pole by using climb-up method after integrated on the ground etc. All of these innovations in design ingeniously and rationally solved a lot of problems for such complicated structure, so that the difficult construction work became easy. In the project of Menara Jakarta, designers kept and developed all advantages and overcome some shortages in Shanghai Tower. Many new innovations were further made. Therefore the tower becomes simple, straight forward and elegant. In order that the technology innovations were based on solid science, series experimental studies in seismic engineering, wind engineering and static loading had carefully been done for Shanghai Tower, and some studies had been done for Menara Jakarta.