航空发动机技术的发展和建议

The Development and Proposals of the Aeroengine Technology

自 40年代初燃气涡轮发动机问世以来 ,飞机的速度、飞行高度和机动性发生了历史性飞跃 ,并跨入了超声速飞行的新时代。到 2 1世纪初 ,战斗机及其发动机大致经历 4次更新换代。目前现役主力机种是第三代 ,发动机的推重比为 8一级 ,还在不断改进改型 ;第四代推重比 10一级发动机已进入首飞 ,预计 2 0 0 3年前后装备部队 ;第五代推重比 15～ 2 0一级发动机 ,可望在 2 0 2 0年研制成功。世界航空发动机技术呈加速发展态势。面对 2 1世纪和知识经济时代 ,如何抓住机遇、加快发展 ,提出了几点看法和建议。

It has been only 50 years since gas turbine engines arrived in the early 40’s,however,there have been great changes in gas turbine technology progress Gas turbine engines has been playing an important role in the development of aviation industries Turbofan engines are always at the leading edge in technical area It has become the major power for modern fighter aircraft and transportation aircraft in the trunk airlines Thrust weight ratio,one of the most important technical parameters of fighter aircraft engine,has been improved from 2 in the early time to 8,while the fuel consumption has been reduced from 1 0 kg/daN·h to 0 6～0 7 kg/daN·h From late 40’s to the early of 21st century,there have been four generation replacements of fighter aircraft Fighter aircraft engine with a thrust weight ratio of 8 was emerged in early 70’s It remains the main model on active service for developed countries today,and is still under development Fighter aircraft engine with a thrust weight ratio of 10 is in development,and hopefully will be put into service by 2003 Aeronautically developed countries have been applying their aeroengine research and development program since 80’s, in order to provide themselves with military and commercial advantages The target is to demonstrate engine technologies of a thrust weight ratio of 15～20 and a fuel consumption reduction of 30%～40% It is forecasted that this type of engine shall be successfully developed by the year of 2020,which double the engine capability It shows that the development of aeroengine technologies is being accelerated Facing the 21st century of knowledge and economy,challenge and opportunity run together,difficulty and hope go in parallel We must seize the chance,go along with the trend to speed up the aero technology development in China Views and proposals are given in this paper [