从原子结构探讨贵金属在提取冶金过程中的行为

Study of the Behaviour of Precious Metals in Metallurgy Processes in Terms of Atomic Structure

从原子结构特征分析了第Ⅷ族和IB族中Fe、Co、Ni、Cu 3d贱金属元素与其余 8个贵金属元素化学性质的差异 ,以及Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag 4d贵金属与Os、Ir、Pt、Au 5d贵金属化学性质的差异。指出横向比较时 ,它们的化学稳定性都是从左到右增大 ;纵向比较时 ,化学稳定性是 3d 4d <5d。以从硫化铜镍矿中提取富集贵金属为例 ,讨论了焙烧—还原熔炼—氧化吹炼等火法过程及电解富集、阳极泥硫酸化处理、湿法氯化、加压氧化、选择性还原等湿法过程中贵金属的行为。

The differences of chemical characteristics of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu 3d and other eight precious metal elements in Ⅷ group and IB group, together with that of precious metal elements of Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag 4d and Os, Ir, Pt, Au, 5d were analyzed in terms of atomic structure. This paper stated that their chemical stability increased from the left side to the right when transverse comparison was conducted and the chemical stability rank occurred as 3d4d<5d when longitudinal comparison was carried out. From the practice of extraction metallurgy of precious metals from copper sulphide nickel ores, the paper discussed the behaviour of precious metal elements in thermometallurgical processes such as baking reduction smelting oxygen blasting and hydrometallurgical processes such as electrolytic concentration, sulphuric acidification of anode slime, wet chloridification, pressured oxidification and optional reduction. [