从我国人民膳食结构演变谈三元结构农业的内涵性改造

Reform of the Internal Quality of the Three Dimensions Structure Agricultural Pattern and the National Peoples Dietary Structure

由于近 2 0年来全国人民膳食中的肉、蛋、奶比重的不断增加 ,已经在减缓我国人民对口粮的压力方面发挥着巨大作用。为了争取我国人民对动物性蛋白质的消费量达到发展中国家的先进水平 ,预计在中长期内 ,我国饲用蛋白质资源将缺口一半 ;其中赖氨酸缺口更大 ,走工业化的途径 ,在入世后很难形成竞争性优势。三元结构农业的内涵性改造 ,是结合国情国力解决饲用蛋白质资源不足问题的有效途径。

At the end of the 20th century Ministry of Agriculture of China put forward a strategic principle for agricultural development the main contents of which are paying equal attention to cereals crops, economic crops and feed crops. It stressed the importance of combination of agriculture and animal husbandry. National dietary structure has had a great change in the past 20 years in China. It shows that the increasing quantity of meat, eggs and milk has been easing off the shortage of cereals. Its estimated that there will be a shortage of 50% of protein for feed in the mid long term for China to reache the leading level of the average per capita animal protein in the developing countries, especially the shortage of main limiting amino acids, such as lysine and methionine, will be more critical. Considering the national conditions and strength, it is difficult to produce amino acids through the industrial way owing to the limitation of the investment, technique and ingredients. It is an effective way to solve the shortage of protein for feed that the internal quality of the agricultural production should be reformed and the increasing of quantity and the raising of quality of the protein for feed should rely on planting agriculture. There were many successful experiences in reforming the quality of the protein for feedstuffs. For example, high lysine corn, low glucosinolate rape seed and glandless cotton seed,etc. For this purpose, the internal timprovement of the agricultural production is not only to solve the shortage of the protein for feed, but also to be a strategic behave for improving the food structure and the nutritive level for national people.