铜和石墨对铁基含油自润滑复合材料机械及摩擦学性能的影响

Effect of Copper and Graphite on the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Fe-based Oil-containing Self-lubricating Composites

采用粉末冶金工艺制备了铁基含油自润滑复合材料 ,考察了 Cu与石墨的含量对铁基含油自润滑复合材料的机械性能、摩擦学性能及组织结构的影响 ,并利用 X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜及光学显微镜等对材料的组分、显微组织形态和结构以及磨损表面形貌等进行了系统的观察和分析 .结果表明 :添加适量 Cu的 Fe- Cu二元系材料的机械性能和摩擦学性能明显优于 Fe系材料 ,这主要是因为 Cu的加入改变了材料的微观结构 .添加适量石墨的 Fe- Cu-石墨三元系材料比 Fe- Cu二元系材料具有更优异的摩擦学性能 ,但机械性能有所下降 。

Fe-based oil-containing self-lubricating composites were prepared by powder metallurgy process. The effect of Cu and graphite contents on the mechanical, tribological properties and the microstructure of the composites was investigated. The worn surface morphologies of the composites sliding against steel were observed by scanning electron microscopy. As a result, Fe-Cu composites show better mechanical and tribological properties than Fe-based composites due to the microstructure change in the presence of Cu. Fe-Cu-graphite composites have better tribological behavior than Fe-Cu composites, though the introduction of graphite leads to a slight decrease of the mechanical strength of the composites. This is attributed to the microstructure change of the composites in the presence of graphite and the synergistic lubrication effect of graphite and oil.