鄂尔多斯高原沙地啮齿动物群落资源利用研究Ⅰ——空间资源维利用研究

Resource Use of Rodent Community in the Sandland of Erdos Plateau Ⅰ——Analysis of Spatial Use

根据 1 995年在鄂尔多斯高原库布其沙地不同生境类型上鼠类构成、植被以及土壤因子的调查结果 ,以对应分析排序 ( COA)技术分析了沙地啮齿动物群落结构与环境因子的关系 ,以 Levins生态位宽度指数和 Petraitis种群生态位重叠指数对常见啮齿动物种群空间生态位进行定量描述 .结果表明 :相应于该地区最典型的沙地、草甸低湿地与农田三种植被类型 ,相应的鼠类组成依次有三种典型构成 ,即固定、半固定及流动沙地基本上是以三趾跳鼠、小毛足鼠与子午沙鼠为主 ,草甸低湿地以五趾跳鼠、黄鼠与黑线仓鼠为主 ,农田及其他人工植被乃至植被条件较好的固定沙地上 ,以黑线仓鼠为主 ;三种植被类型上三类鼠的空间生态位存在较大分离 .其次 ,三趾跳鼠、小毛足鼠与子午沙鼠是该地鼠类组成中所占比例最大的三种鼠 ,也是沙地生境的代表鼠种 ,它们较适宜的栖息生境均在沙地上 。

In Kubuqi sandland of Erdos plateau, according to the investigating result of the component of rodent animal, vegetation and soil from the different habitat at 1995, we analyzed the connections between the community structure of sand land rodent animal and environment by COA, and described the spatial niche of the main rodent animal by the Levins index of niche width and Petraitis overlapping index of niche. First, on the utilization pattern of space, the change tendency of the main rodent species are as five\|toed jerboa (\%Allactaga sibirica)\%, striped hamster (\%Cricetulus barabensis) \%and ground squirrel \%(Citellus dauricus)\%→striped hamster → three\|toed jerboa \%(Dipus sagitta),\%dersert hamster \%(Phodopus roborovskii),\%little Chinese jird \%(Meriones meridianus) \%and striped hamster →three\|toed jerboa, desert hamster and little Chinese jird with the change of vegetation pattern from lowlying meadow → cultivated land, stabilized dunes closing to livestock grazing and cultivated pasture → livestock grazing stabilized dunes and low lying lands among dunes → semistabalized dunes and wind\|drifted dune. The niche of the three type of rodent animal at the three type of vegetation separates obviously. Second, three\|toed jerboa, desert hamster and little Chinese jird are the main rodent over the region, sand land is their suitable habitat, the overlapping range of their niche is obvious. The last, we analyzed the reason leading to the spatial structure of rodent community preliminarily.