四川速成茶园及其立地条件调查研究

QUICK ESTABLISHED TEA GARDENS AND THEIR SITE CONDITIONS IN SICHUAN PROVINCE

对四川等地速成茶园及其立地条件的调查分析表明,应把茶树的生存界限与经济生长界限相区别。四川省建立速成茶园最重要的立地条件指标是:土壤pH值4～6.5,以4.5～5.5最宜;全土层厚50cm以上;15°以下的缓坡或平地最佳;年平均气温13℃以上,>10℃积温3500℃以上,极端最低气温—8℃(中小叶种)或—2.5℃(大叶种),极端最高气温41℃;年平均降雨量1000mm以上,主要生长期4～10月平均月降雨量100mm以上,3～11日空气相对湿度月平均>75％。

Based on an investigation and analysis of the quick established tea gardens in Sichuan and their site conditions in combinations with the work of other researchers on tea ecological conditions, the authors assume that it is useful to the development of tea production to make a distinction of two concepts: the survival boundary and the economic growth boundary of tea plants. Hence, five main indexes of site conditions for the establishment of quick growing tea gardens in the province are proposed. The favourable soil pH ranges from 4 to 6.5 with 4.5～5.5 being the optimum. The soil horizon should be above 50 cm in depth. A gentle slope of less than 15° or a flat patch is preferable. The optimum temperature arc: mean annual temperature—over 13℃, active accumulated temperature (>> 10℃)—3500℃ or more, the extreme low temperature—over—8℃ for var. bohea and -2.5℃ for var. macrophylla, and the extreme high temperature—41℃. Yearly rainfall should be above 1000 mm and the mean monthly rainfall during the active growth period (April to October) should be over 100 mm. In the period of March to November, the relative humidity in the air should be over 75%.