洋务现代化发展战略刍议

A Discussion of the Development Strategy of China's Westernization

洋务现代化的发展战略有两个特点 :一是在政府推动下 ,建立比较完善的军事工业体系 ;二是依靠“进口替代”和“出口替代”(加工出口 )相结合的办法发展民用工业 ,作为军事工业的有效补充。洋务运动从军事开始 ,这是某种规律性的表现 ,符合发展中国家回应西方侵略的逻辑过程 ,然而由于其不合生产要素的比较优势原理 ,不合发展替代进口型产品需要技术引进 ,需要大力发展出口导向型产品换取外汇的原则 ,因此虽努力奋斗几十年 。

The development strategy of westernization has two characteristics: one is to establish a complete military industry system with government promotion; the oth er is to develop civilian industry by means of combining 'import substitution' and 'export substitution', which is the effective complement of military indu stry. It expresses the law that the Westernization Movement starts from the mili tary, which accords with the logical course that developing countries reply to t he western aggression. However, as it is in disagreement with the comparative ad vantage principle of production factors and the principle that developing import -substitution products needs to import technology and to develop export-led prod ucts for foreign exchange, the Westernization Movement doesn't have marked succe ss in spite of tens of years' efforts.