汉语体词性词组的语义类型、功能及其在对外汉语教学中的应用

The semantic types and function of Chinese TiCi（体词） Phrases and their application in the Teaching of Chinese as a Foreign Language(TCFL)

名词和以名词为主的体词在汉语词汇总量中占的比重很大。基本体调性词组可分“名－名”、“形－名”、“动－名”，语义中心在后位名词居多，也有居前位的或多中心的，不论语义中心在哪边，都与语义关联有关，与表达者主体的目的和价值评判也有关系。这显然要比“语言参数原则”（Ｘ－ｂａｒ）的规定要复杂得多。词组不论何种语义结构，都可作功能评价，而功能的变化始终在语义结构内部。体词性词组内部包含的分析，离不开语义逻辑和概念事理逻辑，但要说明其内部包含在语义功能上的联系又是不必要的。文章还具体分析了方位词组、“数－量－名”词组、动名词词组、Ｄ１体词性词组的语义类型和功能，并尽可能指出它们在对外汉语教学中的作用。

The article takes Chiese phrases as a basic element of the Chinese syntax. Nouns and phrases with noun as their main body take a large proportion in the Chinese lexical system. Basic Tici phrases can be divided into the 'noun-noun' phrases,the 'adjective-noun' phrases,and the 'Verb-Noun',phrases. The semantic centre largely lies behind, but sometimes lies ahead. Occasionally,there may be more than one centre. In spite of the differences concerning semantic centre,it is always inseparable from the semantic association, the subjective motive and the value judgement of the language user. This is obviously more complicated than the 'X-bar'. For any semantic structure the function of the phrases can be determined, and the function always changes within the semantic structure. The analysis of Tici phrases can not be iso- lated from the logic of semantic meaning,but it is not necessary to explain the relations of semantic function within the semantic structure. The article also concretely analyzes the semantic type and function of the location phrases, the 'number-measure word-noun' phrase,the' verb-noun' phrases, and the D1 (的1)- phrases,and tries to points out their application in TCFL.