四川短尾鼠句生物学研究

STUDY ON THE BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MOUSE ANOUROSOREX SQUAMIPES MILNE EDWARDS

四川短尾鼠句(AnourosorexsquamipesMilneEdwards)是四川农田鼠形动物的优势种群之一。通过1993～1996年在四川省彭山县对该鼠句的研究,报道了四川短尾鼠句的生长发育、年龄结构、生境选择、取食范围、活动规率以及繁殖能力等生物学特性。该鼠句个体生长主要表现为体重增加,从幼体到成体平均体重增长37.4%,田间成体鼠句所占比例为57.3%、幼体鼠句占38.7%,老体鼠句仅占4.1%。11月至次年2月,田间无老体鼠句出现,这表明老体鼠句难于越冬,说明该鼠句的寿命最长不超过一年。该鼠句喜在潮湿、背光、食物来源丰富的地方营巢,洞系结构简单,通常由洞口、洞道、巢室等组成,其活动高峰期为23时至次晨1时。该鼠句食性较杂。主要食物为蚯蚓和昆虫,同时也危害各种种子、谷物类作物。四川短尾鼠句生殖能力较强,4～5月其数量增长指数可达1.03～1.13。

The mouse Anourosorex squamipes Milnd Edwards is a dominant species in agricultural fields in Sichuan Province.The biological characteristics of the mouse were observed in Pengshan County,Sichuan in 1993～1996,including its growth and development,age structure,habitat selection,food range,activity regularity and reproduce ability.The average weight from larva to adult increases by 37.4%. The number of adult in field generally amounts to 57.2%,larva 38.7%,while the old only 4.1%.The old was not observed from November to next March,which suggests that the old could not live through the winter,and the life span of the mouse be at most one year.The mouse prefers humid,dark and food rich places for constructing its nest,and the nest consists simply of nest opening,nest road and nest chamber,It mainly acts night with peak period occurring in 23:00～1:00 of a day,Its main foods are earthworms and insects,but it also feeds on crops.The mouse has high reproduce ability,especially in April May its population increase index can mount up to 1.03～1.13.