试论英国大宪章人权思想的产生、发展及其世界影响

The Origin and Development of Human Rights Principles in the Great Charter and Their Influence in the World

在英国人权发展史上 ,大宪章占有重要的历史地位。它的产生是由于英国人民反对封建王权的需要 ,是英国人民与封建国王反复斗争的结果。大宪章的诞生 ,宣告了人权时代的到来 ,标志着人类的人权实践进入了一个新的阶段 ;大宪章的诞生 ,是人权发展史上一个伟大的里程碑 ,具有深远的世界影响 :大宪章奠定的人权原则 ,很快传遍欧洲大陆和美国 ,成为西方文明的基础 ;第二次世界大战后 ,由于联合国的努力 ,大宪章的原则被世界各国认可。联合国人权委员会在制定《世界人权宣言》时 ,认真研究了英国大宪章的内容 ,采纳了其主要观点。由于英国大宪章影响了美国的人权政策 ,也影响着世界各国人权政策的发展。所以英国前首相撒切尔夫人在谈到人权问题时 ,曾经给予英国大宪章高度评价。她说大宪章在历史上发挥过作用 ,今后“仍将加强整个欧洲的权利、自由和法治”。

This article studys the Human Rights principles in the Great Charter drafted by English noble and signed by the English King in 1215.The emergence of the Great Charter was a result of the struggle against feadal authority of the King by the British clergymen,Noble,Knights and citizens.The signature of the Great Charter means the coming of Human rights era.The Great charter is a comprehensive Human rights docament,including civil rights,political rights,economic rights,social rights,and cultural rights of human being.The announcement of the Great Charter caused great sensation in Europe and in America and gave strong impetus to the development of human rights in the world.Therefore,the Great Charter is a milestone in human rights history.