量子理论若干基本问题研究的新进展

NEW PROGRESSES OF FUNDAMETAL ASPECTS IN QUANUTM MECHANICS

本文结合最近的典型量子物理实验 ,如用冷原子Bragg散射实现的“which way”实验 ,量子退相干过程的微腔QED检验和C60 分子的量子干涉等 ,比较系统地介绍了量子理论基本问题若干研究的新进展 ,特别强调了处于其核心的量子测量问题及其相关的基本概念和基本思想 ,如EPR佯谬和Bell不等式 ,量子退相干和量子纠缠。从理论和实验结合的角度 ,本文阐述了被测系统和测量仪器的相互作用怎样导致量子测量的一般动力学过程。由此还讨论了外部环境和内部运动怎样诱导量子退相干和量子耗散 ,对“薛定谔猫佯谬”和“宏观物体空间局域化描述”给出了可能的物理解释。最后 ,通过具体例子 。

This review recalls the conceptual origins for various interpretations of quantum mechanics. With focus on the quantum measurement problems, it systematically describes the recent achievements of quantum theory in the fundamental aspects in association with the recent experiments, such as the decoherence process in Cavity QED, the'which?way' detection using the Bragg scattering of cold atoms and quantum interference using small quantum system of molecular C 60 . The fundamental problems include the quantum coherence of a macroscopic object, von Neumann Chain in quantum measurement and the Schroedinger cat paradox et al. This review also shows that, at present, the investigations in the fundamental aspects of quantum theory have been carried out with many celabarated experiments and also with the important applications in quantum information.